The facade of the U.S. Federal Reserve building is reflected on wet marble during the early morning hours in Washington, July 31, 2013.Jonathan Ernst/Reuters
Federal Reserve Board policy makers say the U.S. economy weakened, partly for reasons that will fade, after a sharp slowdown reinforced expectations officials will keep interest rates near zero at their next meeting in June or longer.
"Economic growth slowed during the winter months, in part reflecting transitory factors," the Federal Open Market Committee said in a statement Wednesday in Washington. "The pace of job gains moderated," it said, and "under-utilization of labour resources was little changed."
Fed officials have said they expect to raise rates this year for the first time since 2006 as the economy nears full employment, and that their decision will be guided by the latest data. A report earlier Wednesday showed growth almost ground to a halt in the first quarter, held back by severe winter weather and slumping business spending and exports.
"Although growth in output and unemployment slowed during the first quarter, the committee continues to expect that, with appropriate policy accommodation, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace," the Fed said.
Stocks and U.S. Treasuries pared earlier losses after the announcement. The Standard & Poor's 500 index was down 0.5 per cent at 2,104.62 as of 2:10 p.m. in New York after earlier falling as much as 0.8 per cent. Ten-year Treasury notes yielded 2.04 per cent, up 4 basis points from Tuesday.
The Fed repeated it will raise rates when it sees further labour-market improvement and is "reasonably confident" inflation will move back to its 2-per-cent goal over time. The decision was unanimous.
"Inflation is anticipated to remain near its recent low level in the near term, but the committee expects inflation to rise gradually toward 2 per cent over the medium term," the FOMC said.
Benchmark Rate
Officials held the benchmark overnight fed funds rate in a zero to 0.25-per-cent range, where it has been since December, 2008. They had said last month that they would be unlikely to raise rates at their April meeting.
A run of disappointing economic data has cast doubt on how quickly the Fed can meet its goals for full employment and stable prices.
The economy grew at a 0.2-per-cent annual rate last quarter after advancing 2.2 per cent in the prior three months, Commerce Department data showed. Economists surveyed by Bloomberg forecast a 1-per-cent gain.
Lasting Impact
While the impact of unusually harsh winter weather is likely to fade, other drags, including a drop in capital spending and exports, may last longer.
"The economy has dug a deeper hole and will take longer for growth to bounce back above trend," said Chris Rupkey, chief financial economist at Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. "A June meeting is on the table, but it's a long shot now."
Employers added 126,000 workers to payrolls in March, the weakest month since December, 2013. Reports on manufacturing and retail sales have also trailed behind economists' expectations.
Even before the release of the first quarter GDP report, economists had pushed back their forecasts for liftoff.
In a Bloomberg survey conducted last week, 73 per cent of respondents predicted the central bank will wait until September. In a March poll, a majority predicted the first rate increase in June or July.
Stock Gains
Expectations for continued low rates have helped fuel gains in stocks while keeping Treasury yields down. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index is near record highs, and the yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury note was 2 per cent late Tuesday in New York, below the one-year average of 2.28 per cent. While unemployment has fallen to 5.5 per cent from a post-recession peak of 10 per cent, Fed officials have reduced their estimate of the long-run jobless rate to 5 per cent to 5.2 per cent, suggesting they have room to keep borrowing costs low to put more Americans back to work.
What's more, inflation has lingered below the Fed's goal for 34 consecutive months. The Fed's preferred gauge of prices rose just 0.3 per cent in February from a year earlier.
Lower oil prices have helped keep a lid on inflation while also sapping energy-related investment, and a stronger dollar has curbed exports and made imports cheaper.
Pfizer Inc., the biggest U.S. drug maker by sales, cut its 2015 earnings forecast because of the impact of the dollar on overseas sales.