Demonstrators wear 'Campaign for Dignity In Dying' caps in support of the assisted dying law for terminally ill people bill, on the day British lawmakers are preparing to vote on the bill, in London.Isabel Infantes/Reuters
Britain’s parliament voted on Friday in favour of a bill to legalize assisted dying, paving the way for the country’s biggest social change in a generation.
314 lawmakers voted in favour with 291 against the bill, clearing its biggest parliamentary hurdle.
The “Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life)” law would give mentally competent, terminally ill adults in England and Wales with six months or less left to live the right to choose to end their lives with medical help.
The vote puts Britain on course to follow Australia, Canada and other countries, as well as some U.S. states, in permitting assisted dying. Below is a list of countries which let people choose to end their lives, or are considering doing so.
Canada
Sisters, Christie, left, and Alicia Duncan, whose mother Donna Duncan received Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in 2021, show the matching tattoos they got to honour their mother, in Mission, B.C.DARRYL DYCK/The Globe and Mail
Canada introduced “Medical Assistance in Dying” in 2016 for those whose death was deemed to be “reasonably foreseeable.” Five years later, the law was extended to permit people with a “grievous and irremediable” medical condition to request assisted dying.
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Switzerland
Switzerland legalized assisted dying in 1942 on the condition the motive is not selfish, making it the first country in the world to permit the practice. A number of Swiss organizations such as Dignitas offer their services to foreign nationals.
The Netherlands
The “Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide (Review Procedures) Act” came into effect in 2002. A doctor is immune from punishment for euthanasia and assisted suicide where patients are experiencing “unbearable suffering with no prospect of improvement.” Minors can request euthanasia from the age of 12 but require parental permission before the age of 16.
Belgium
Belgium legalized medically assisted dying in 2002 for the terminally ill and for people experiencing unbearable suffering, which includes patients with psychiatric conditions. Since 2014, those under 18 who are terminally ill are covered by the law as long as they have parental permission.
The United States
Supporters of a bill permitting so-called medical aid in dying watch as the State Assembly moves to pass it at the New York State Capitol in Albany, N.Y., April 29, 2025.CINDY SCHULTZ/The New York Times News Service
Medical aid in dying, also known as physician assisted dying, is legal in 10 states: California, Colorado, Hawaii, Montana, Maine, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Vermont and Washington, plus the District of Columbia. Oregon was the first state to legalize it under a law which came into effect in 1997.
Australia
Voluntary assisted dying for the terminally ill or those with a condition that is causing intolerable suffering is legal in most Australian states, after being introduced first in Victoria in 2019.
Spain
Spain approved a law in 2021 which allows euthanasia and medically assisted suicide for people with incurable or debilitating diseases who want to end their life.
Germany
Assisted dying had been legal in Germany until 2015 when the country outlawed its provision on an organized or commercial basis, effectively banning it in many cases. Five years later the country’s top court ruled in favour of groups providing terminally ill adults with assisted suicide services, but lawmakers are yet to finalize new rules.
France
French MP for the Democrate group and rapporteur for the bill on assisted dying and end-of-life care, Olivier Falorni (Bottom) speaks during a session on palliative, supportive and end-of-life care at the National Assembly in Paris on May 12, 2025.LUDOVIC MARIN/AFP/Getty Images
Doctors in France have been allowed to put a person who is close to death and in great pain under deep sedation since 2016. But they were not allowed to administer life-ending medication.
French lawmakers voted in May 2025 to give some people in the later stages of a terminal illness the right to end their lives using a lethal substance, a law change supported by President Emmanuel Macron. The bill was approved by the National Assembly and is now being considered by the Senate. It could become law by 2027.
Ireland
A cross-party Irish parliamentary committee recommended this year that the government should legalize assisted dying in certain restricted circumstances.
A majority of lawmakers in 2024 voted in favour of “noting” the committee’s findings. Steps could now be taken to consider a law change.