Asteroid Bennu is seen from the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft from a range of 15 miles. The spacecraft took a sample of rocks and dirt from the asteroid on Oct. 21, 2020, which could unlock secrets of the solar system and could aid humanity’s ability to divert one that might slam into Earth.NASA/GODDARD/UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA/The New York Times News Service
NASA’s Osiris-Rex spacecraft crushed rocks and sent rubble flying as it briefly touched an asteroid, a strong indication that samples were collected for a return to Earth, officials said Wednesday.
Scientists won’t know until next week how much was gathered at asteroid Bennu – they want at least a handful of the cosmic rubble. But close-up pictures and video of Tuesday’s touch-and-go operation raised hopes that goal was achieved.
“We really did kind of make a mess on the surface of this asteroid, but it’s a good mess, the kind of mess we were hoping for,” said lead scientist Dante Lauretta of the University of Arizona at Tucson.
It was the first asteroid-sampling effort by the U.S. space agency and for Canada, which is an international partner in the mission. The involvement means that Canada will receive a 4-per-cent share of whatever Osiris-Rex brings to Earth. Japan has twice gathered material from asteroids, with its second mission due to return in Decemb
er.
The carbon-rich Bennu is a time capsule believed to contain the original building blocks of the solar system 4.5 billion years ago and, as such, can help scientists better understand the origins of Earth and life as we know it.
Osiris-Rex scored a near bull’s-eye, reaching down with its robot arm to within a metre of its intended target zone in the centre of boulder-rimmed Nightingale Crater. The sampling container on the arm made contact with the black, crumbly terrain for about six seconds and pushed at least two centimetres into the ground, crushing a large rock in the process, officials said.
As planned, pressurized nitrogen gas fired onto the surface a second later, to kick up a shower of debris so the spacecraft could suck up as much dust and as many pebbles as possible.
The spacecraft quickly backed away and, by Wednesday, was a safe 80 kilometres from Bennu.
Several hours passed before the pictures started pouring in. Dr. Lauretta said he was up until the wee hours Wednesday, overjoyed at what he saw. He watched the touch-and-go video about 100 times – “it’s just so cool” – then went to sleep.
“I dreamed of a wonder world of Bennu regolith particles floating all around me,” he said.
Over the next few days, a camera on the spacecraft will aim at the sampler on the end of the robot arm, looking for signs of asteroid residue. If the lighting is right, the camera might even be able to peek into the sample chamber. The spacecraft will also be put into a slow spin, with its arm extended, to provide a more accurate measure of the precious payload.
Based on the images, “the sampling event went really well, as good as we could have imagined it would, and I think the chances that there’s material inside ... have gone way up,” Dr. Lauretta said.
If fewer than 60 grams were collected, the team must decide by Oct. 30 whether to try again. A second attempt would not occur until January – at another location.
The plan calls for Osiris-Rex to depart Bennu in March, which would put the samples on track for a touchdown in the Utah desert in 2023.
“We’re nowhere near the end,” cautioned Thomas Zurbuchen, head of NASA’s science missions.
Our Morning Update and Evening Update newsletters are written by Globe editors, giving you a concise summary of the day’s most important headlines. Sign up today.