Employees work at the Kold Roll steel bar factory in Santa Catarina, Nuevo Leon state, Mexico in November, 2025.JULIO CESAR AGUILAR/Getty Images
U.S. and Mexican negotiators began formal talks to revamp the North American trade deal on Thursday, with Washington demanding stricter regional rules of origin, including a U.S.-specific minimum level of content for cars and trucks built in Mexico.
The new standard is contained in proposed texts to modify the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, two people familiar with the U.S. negotiating position told Reuters.
The specific percentage of U.S. automotive content sought by the U.S. Trade Representative’s office was not immediately available, but the shift is significant from the existing USMCA’s content requirements for preferential North American market access.
The six-year-old trade deal and its predecessor pact have created a highly integrated North American economy, underpinning nearly US$1.6-trillion in annual trilateral trade, but its future hinges on negotiations over the coming months.
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USMCA currently requires 75 per cent of a vehicle’s value to be sourced from North America, with a separate regional value requirement that 40 per cent of North American-built passenger car content come from higher-wage facilities, effectively in the U.S. or Canada. That threshold, which is 45 per cent for pickup trucks, is based on a list of “core parts” including engines, transmissions, body panels and chassis components.
It was unclear whether the U.S.-specific automotive content demand would replace the prior regional value requirement that includes Canada or stack on top of it. The U.S. and Mexico are excluding Canada from the current talks, with plans for three bilateral negotiating rounds through late July, the USTR said on Wednesday. This includes the current round of talks ending Friday in Mexico City.
A USTR spokesperson did not respond to a request for comment on the rules of origin demands. Mexico’s economy ministry declined to comment. U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said on Tuesday he wanted to strengthen North American rules of origin to boost manufacturing in the United States.
“I think that over the course of these negotiations, we are going to be talking about rules of origin in a way that enhances U.S. content in these goods,” Greer said.
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Talks over the review are complicated by the Trump administration’s global tariffs of 25 per cent on autos and auto parts and 50 per cent on steel, aluminum and copper, effectively ending three decades of duty-free North American trade.
Greer said Washington will maintain at least some tariffs on Mexican and Canadian industrial goods, but possibly at preferential rates.
Dan Ujczo, a lawyer with Canadian oil and gas producer Cenovus Energy who specializes in North American trade, is optimistic that the U.S. and Mexico, and eventually Canada, can overcome their differences to modify and extend the trade pact with stronger regional content rules and more trade protections against non-market economies such as China.
“The end game continues to be that Canada and Mexico have to be able to walk away with the most preferential access to the United States of any countries in the world in the medium term to long term,” Ujczo said.
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Barry Zekelman, CEO of steel tube maker Zekelman Industries, said steelmakers were told on Wednesday that USTR negotiators will push for a requirement that Mexican and Canadian steel receiving preferential U.S. tariff treatment be melted and poured in North America.
There is no such requirement in the current USMCA, and Zekelman told Reuters that it would reduce a flood of Chinese steel components into Mexican manufacturing operations.
USTR also wants Mexico to match U.S. tariffs on steel imports and derivative products made from steel on imports from outside North America, Zekelman said.
“What they’re going to do now is start to close all of the loopholes that still exist,” he added.